Setting up references in the compass. Units of measurement. Using tracing solutions
When working in KOMPAS, users often spend a lot of time creating sketches and 3D models where this can be done in a few minutes.
This article is devoted to several important aspects that simplify work in this software package and, as a result, reduce the user’s work time.
Customizing the Properties Panel
Very often, when working in KOMPAS, the user has problems with collapsing Properties panels, which is located at the bottom of the working field. If this problem occurs, you can solve it as follows: in the lower left corner, right-click on the pop-up panel and click on “Collapse” to uncheck it.
Setting up bindings
The correct setting of anchor points greatly simplifies the work.
The essence of the action of bindings is as follows. The system analyzes the objects closest to the current pointer position to determine their characteristic points (for example, the end or center of a line segment, the center of a circle, the point where two lines intersect, etc.) and then allows the user to fix the pointer at one of these points. You can configure the parameters by which the system will search for characteristic points of nearby objects.
Using snaps allows you to precisely set the pointer to a certain point, and it is not necessary that the coordinates of the pointer at the moment of clicking exactly coincide with the coordinates of the desired point.
Using Construction Geometry
When drawing sketches, the use of auxiliary geometry is necessary for preliminary constructions and for specifying projection relationships between views. When printing, auxiliary straight lines have the line style " Auxiliary» (it does not appear when printed).
Construction geometry can be accessed as follows:
1. “Tools” tab
2. Compact panel
Using parameterization
Parametric construction differs from the usual one in that, in addition to information about the location and characteristics of geometric objects, it also stores information about the relationships between objects and the restrictions imposed on them.
The relationship of objects means the dependence between the parameters of several objects. When you edit one of the related parameters, the others change.
Examples of connections imposed on objects are parallelism and perpendicularity of segments, straight lines, sight arrows, equality of lengths of segments or radii of circles. The interrelated parameters of parallel lines are their angles of inclination.
The dependence between parameters can be more complex than the equality of one parameter to another. For example, it is possible to create functions that define the relationship between the parameters of several objects.
A constraint means a dependence between the parameters of an individual object (the equality of an object parameter to a constant or the belonging of a parameter to a certain numerical range). Only such editing of an object is allowed as a result of which the established dependencies, equalities and inequalities are not violated.
Examples of restrictions imposed on geometric objects include the verticality and horizontality of segments.
When editing parameterized and associative objects, the images are reconstructed in such a way that all restrictions imposed on the objects are observed and the connections between the objects are preserved.
On the Compact Panel, the “parameterization” icon looks like this:
The visual result of imposing restrictions looks like this:
Using the library
KOMPAS also contains a Design Library and a Fastener Library
The design library is designed to work with graphic documents and specifications. Includes fasteners, pipeline parts, springs, cuffs, rolled and rolled parts, bearings, structural elements (grooves, grooves, center holes, etc.) and some other objects.
In the process of working on documents (usually graphic), there is often a need to accurately position the cursor at various characteristic points of elements, in other words, to snap to points (intersections, boundary points, center, etc.) or objects (normally, along axis directions coordinates).
Binding - This is a mechanism that allows you to accurately set the position of the cursor by selecting the condition for its positioning (for example, at grid nodes, or at the nearest characteristic point, or at the intersection of objects, etc.).
Types of bindings: 1) global 2) local 3) using the keyboard
Global bindings are the most important tool for quickly and accurately specifying existing points in sketches and drawings. The global binding (if set) is always the default for input and editing operations. For example, if you select the global snap to intersections option, when you enter a point, the system will automatically search for the nearest intersection within the cursor trap. If an intersection is found, the point will be fixed at that exact location.
You can enable several different global object snaps and they will all work simultaneously
To set global bindings, click on the toolbar Current Status by button. The Set Global Bindings dialog box appears, shown in Fig. 2.5.
Fig.2.5. Dialog window Setting global bindings
Let us briefly describe the main components of the dialog box Setting global bindings. At the top of the dialog box is a list of global bindings. By clicking on the name of the binding, you can turn on or off one or another binding or even several. In this case, each of the bindings has its own priority. Priority is determined by proximity to the beginning of the list. The highest priority snap is the Closest point, then Midpoint, Intersection, Corner snap, etc.
The dialog box has a number of checkboxes:
All bindings turns all bindings on or off. If not all bindings are enabled, the option appears with a gray background. Clicking the option in this state will turn it off. The next one will turn on;
Dynamically track enables or disables on-the-fly calculation of bindings. Otherwise, the calculation will be performed only when the point is fixed;
Show text turns on or off the display of the name of the triggered binding next to the cursor. For an angle snap, the angle value will additionally be shown;
Taking into account background layers turns on or off snaps taking into account objects lying in background layers;
Only by visible points grids turns on or off snaps that were performed only to visible grid points. The option is only available when snapping is enabled By grid.
Text field Corner reference step is intended for entering the value of the angular reference actuation step. For example, if the angular snap step value is set to 15°, then as a result of the angular snap action the cursor will move along straight lines passing through the last fixed point at angles of 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75°, 90°, 105 ° etc.
After completing the global bindings settings, click the button OK. To exit the dialog box without saving changes, click the button Cancel.
You can also disable all global bindings, and then enable them again as before, using the button Deny/allow global bindings action on the Current State toolbar.
This button also serves as an indicator of the action of global bindings: a pressed button means that global bindings are disabled, a pressed button means that they are enabled.
Local bindings can be called up when creating, editing or selecting graphic objects by clicking the right mouse button (see Fig. 2.6)
Fig.2.6
Local binding has two important features:
It has a higher priority than the global one. When called, a local binding suppresses established global bindings for the duration of its action (until a period is entered or the input is refused);
It is performed only for one (current request) point. After entering the current point, the activated local snap is disabled and the system proceeds to perform global snaps.
Let's take a brief look at the different binding methods:
Nearest point provides a snap to the nearest characteristic point of the object (for example, to the starting point of a segment), to the corner points of the title block table or to the starting point of the current coordinate system;
Intersection provides a snap to the nearest intersection of objects;
Middle snaps to the middle of the object;
Center snaps to the center point of a circle, arc or ellipse;
By grid snaps to the nearest auxiliary grid point. In this case, the image of the grid itself on the screen can be turned off;
Angle snap- this is a way to snap the cursor relative to the last fixed point at angles that are multiples of the value specified when setting up snaps. For example, when setting up snaps, the angular snap step value is set to 15°. Then, as a result of the action of the angular snap, the cursor will move along straight lines passing through the last fixed point at angles of 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 90°, 105°, etc.;
Alignment aligns the input object point with other characteristic points, as well as with the last fixed point. The last fixed point is considered not only the point specified when executing a command, but also the point at which the cursor was placed using a keyboard shortcut. For example, you drew a line segment. The last fixed point is its end point (m2). If you now use the key combination Shift+5 to snap to the middle of this segment, it (the middle) will become the last fixed point, and when you move the cursor, phantom alignment lines will pass through the middle of the segment;
Point on a curvesnaps to the nearest point of the specified curve;
By Y to curve snaps to the nearest point on the specified curve in the positive Y direction of the current coordinate system. If one of the created local coordinate systems is set as the current one, then snapping will be performed along its Y axis;
Against Y to curve snaps to the nearest point on the specified curve in the direction opposite to the Y axis of the current coordinate system. If one of the created local coordinate systems is set as the current one, then snapping will be performed against its Y axis;
By X to curve snaps to the nearest point on the specified curve in the positive X-axis direction of the current coordinate system. If one of the created local coordinate systems is set as the current one, then snapping will be performed along its X axis;
Against X to curve snaps to the nearest point on the specified curve in the direction opposite to the X-axis of the current coordinate system. If one of the created local coordinate systems is set as the current one, then snapping will be performed against its X axis.
Keyboard Bindings are commands for precise positioning of the cursor and are executed using the keyboard when certain keys or combinations thereof are pressed.
Keyboard bindings have two important features:
1. Local and global bindings can only be used at the moment when the system requests indications of a point, i.e. after any command is activated. Keyboard bindings can be used in almost any editor mode.
2. Using a local or global snap is combined with entering a period, and using a keyboard snap only leads to simply moving the cursor to the desired point. The procedure for entering or fixing a point must be performed separately by pressing the key
When drawing, keyboard bindings are usually performed in the following sequence:
1. Quickly place the mouse cursor next to the desired point or object. After this, release the mouse.
2. Execute a keyboard command to precisely position the cursor (no mouse is used).
3. Fix the point by pressing the key
4. After this, you can continue working with the mouse.
IN table 2.1 basic keyboard bindings are presented.
Working with various graphic documents, in particular drawings, is greatly facilitated by bindings. They allow you to position the cursor as accurately as possible at various characteristic points of elements, snap at boundary points, at intersection points, at snaps to the center of the object, along the directions of the coordinate axes, to normals, and so on.
A snap is a program's built-in functionality that allows you to precisely specify the location of the cursor when choosing the conditions for its placement.
Bindings can be done using the keyboard, locally or globally.
The most important are global bindings. They accurately and quickly indicate existing points on three-dimensional drawings and sketches. If it is installed, it operates by default when performing various editing and input operations. If the global snap by intersection option is selected, then as you type, the system will begin to search for the nearest intersections within the cursor location. The point will be fixed at the intersection location. The size of the cursor trap can also be changed. You can set multiple bindings at once. In this case, they will work correctly at the same time.
How to set global binding? Toolbar – current state – setting global bindings. A window will appear in which you need to make active the checkboxes of the required types of bindings.
Let's look at the main components of this dialog box. At the top there is a list of available bindings. The choice of one or another binding is made by clicking the left mouse button. Each binding has its own hierarchy. The highest hierarchy belongs to the binding that is located higher in the list. The priority is the closest point, then comes the middle, the intersection, and further down the list. If you have set two local snaps: to the nearest point and to the intersection, then the system will snap to the nearest point if both of these properties are captured by the cursor.
The dialog box contains several checkboxes:
All bindings. It allows you to quickly select all bindings at once, or disable them completely. In this case, the option with a gray background is displayed when not all bindings are selected. Clicking an option will turn it on, and then clicking it will turn it off;
Using dynamic tracking, you can turn off/on the calculation of bindings in real time. If tracking is turned off, then the calculation is carried out by fixing the point;
The text display function allows you to turn on/off the name next to the cursor of the desired binding. At the same time, the angle value for the angle reference will also be displayed.
Taking into account background layers will allow you to enable/disable snaps taking into account the details located in the background layers;
Snap to visible grid points will enable/disable snaps that are performed to grid points. The option is active only if snapping to grid is enabled.
The value of the snapping step is set in the “snap step by angle” field. If the angle value is set to 5°, then as a result the cursor moves along lines passing at angles of 5°, 10°, 15°, 20°, 25°, etc.
To complete the binding settings, click the “Ok” button in the dialog box. If you do not want to save the changes, you need to hold down the button in the “Cancel” dialog box.
You can disable the action of bindings and enable them the same using the enable/disable button on the toolbar in the current state.
This button displays the actions of global bindings; pressing it means that the bindings are disabled, releasing it means that they are enabled.
Local bindings are called when editing and creating, as well as selecting graphic objects. They are called using the context menu.
At the same time, the local binding has a higher hierarchy compared to the global one. When called, it suppresses predefined local bindings for the duration of its operation.
Local binding is performed on only one object. After that, it turns off and the system begins to execute global bindings.
Snap to the nearest point will provide a snap to the closest possible characteristic point.
An intersection snap will snap to the nearest intersection of objects.
Snap mid will snap to the middle of the object.
Snap center will allow you to snap to the center point of arcs, ellipses or circles.
Grid Snap will snap to the closest additional grid point. The grid image may not be active on the screen.
You can snap the cursor to the last fixed point at angles that are multiples of the specified step using angle snapping. If the angle value is set to 5°, then as a result the cursor moves along lines passing at angles of 5°, 10°, 15°, 20°, 25°, etc.
Alignment of the input point of a part to characteristic points or the last fixed point can be done using the alignment snap. In this case, the last fixed point is considered to be the point specified when executing the command, the point at which the cursor is set using the keyboard shortcut. Let's look at an example. You have drawn a line segment. Last recorded point t2. Using the keyboard shortcut Shift+5, we snap to the middle of the segment. In this case, the middle will be the last fixed point. When you move the cursor, ghost alignment lines pass through the middle of the segment.
Snapping to the nearest point on a line is done using a snap called point on curve.
Y-axis snap to curve snaps the specified curve to the nearest point in the positive direction along the ordinate axis of the current coordinate system.
Snapping to a curve against the ordinate axis will snap to the nearest point opposite the ordinate axis in the current coordinate system. If one of these coordinate systems is set as the current one, snapping will be performed against its ordinate axis.
Snap x-axis to curve snaps the specified curve to the nearest point in the positive direction along the x-axis of the current coordinate system.
Snapping to a curve opposite the abscissa axis will snap to the nearest point opposite the abscissa axis in the current coordinate system. If one of these coordinate systems is set as the current one, snapping will be performed against its x-axis.
Precise cursor positioning commands are performed using keyboard bindings by pressing certain key combinations. They have the following features:
1. global and local bindings are used when the system asks for a point after activating a command. And keyboard bindings are used in any mode of the editor.
2. previous bindings are combined with entering a point, and using a keyboard binding only results in moving the cursor to the desired point. To enter a binding you need to press enter. This allows for additional flexibility in keyboard bindings.
The sequence of executing keyboard bindings in the program
In each specific document, the user can select units of measurement (millimeters, centimeters or meters). The default units are millimeters. Menu command Setting? Setting current sheet options(Setting parameters for new documents) ?Units of length
The user is always operates with the real dimensions of drawn parts and assemblies (on a scale of 1:1), and the subsequent placement of the image on the drawing sheet format is performed using a suitable view scale, i.e. there is no need to worry about recalculating real coordinates depending on the size of the product and the sheet format.
To create a view scale, use the menu command LayoutCreate View
or using the toolbar button Associative views
.
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COORDINATE SYSTEMS
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ACCURATE DRAWING IN COMPASS-CHART. PENNINGS
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Local bindings
From this list, click to select the name of the corresponding binding. After this, the cursor will change its appearance. The cursor trap is hovered over the selected object, and as soon as this object is in the trap, the desired point will be automatically captured, and text will appear next to it confirming the snap.
The local snap will only apply to selecting one point. To snap to another point, the operation must be repeated.
Purpose of bindings:
^ Nearest point-allows you to snap to the nearest characteristic point of an object (for example, to the end of a segment, the center of a circle, etc.);
Intersection- allows you to snap to the point of intersection of objects;
Middle – snaps to the middle of the object;
Center - snaps to the center of a circle, arc, ellipse ;
By grid – allows you to snap to any point of the auxiliary grid (the grid can be turned off);
Angle Snap – when choosing this snapping method, the cursor will move relative to the last fixed point at angles that are multiples of the value specified when setting up global snaps;
Alignment – when choosing this snapping method, the entered point will be aligned vertically or horizontally relative to other characteristic points, as well as relative to the last fixed point;
Point on the curve – snaps to any point on the curve (straight line) that is trapped by the cursor (the point is fixed on the curve at any location specified by the user);
Along Y to curve – snaps to the nearest point of the specified object in the positive direction of the Y axis of the current coordinate system;
Against Y on curve– snaps to the nearest point of the specified object in the direction opposite to the positive direction of the Y axis of the current coordinate system;
X per curve snaps to the nearest point of the specified object in the positive direction of the X axis of the current coordinate system;
Against X on the curve snaps to the nearest point of the specified object in the direction opposite to the positive X-axis direction of the current coordinate system;
- ^
Global bindings
For example, if you select the global snap to intersection option, as you enter each point, the system will automatically search for the closest intersection point within the cursor trap. To set valid global bindings, use the button Bindings in the current status bar .
the object indicated by the cursor. If the option is enabled in the binding settings dialog:
Dynamically track, then a phantom corresponding to this point is displayed on the screen;
Display text, then text is displayed on the screen with the name of the currently active binding;
^ Taking into account background layers , then snapping will also be performed to objects located in the background layers.
Several global bindings can be enabled at the same time, and if several bindings can be executed simultaneously at the current cursor position, the higher-priority one is triggered. The order of priority is the same as the order they are listed in the dialog box.
Attention!A local binding has a higher priority than a global one, that is, when a local binding is called, all global ones are suppressed for the duration of its action (until a point or failure is entered).
Sometimes it is necessary to temporarily interrupt global snaps, for example, to set a point that is less than the cursor trap size but is not part of the active global snap. To enable (disable) global bindings use the button Disable bindings
in line current state
.
In a drawing made on a computer, overlaps of individual elements on top of each other and gaps between them are unacceptable. Therefore, there is always a need to accurately position the cursor at various points in the drawing, in other words, to perform binding to objects that already exist in the drawing.
BindingThis is a mechanism that allows you to accurately set the position of the cursor by selecting the condition for its positioning (for example, at grid nodes, or at the nearest characteristic point, or at the intersection of objects, etc.).
All binding options are combined into a menu that can be called up when creating, editing or selecting graphic objects by clicking the right mouse button.
KOMPAS-GRAPHIC provides various commands for snapping to characteristic points (boundary points, center) and objects (intersection, normal, along the directions of the coordinate axes). These commands are grouped into three groups: local(acting once), global bindings(permanent), and keyboard You can create and delete local coordinate systems, but you cannot change global ones.
Global bindings
Global bindingsare the most important tool for quickly and accurately specifying existing points in sketches and drawings. The global binding (if set) is always the default for input and editing operations. For example, if you select the global snap to intersections option, when you enter a point, the system will automatically search for the nearest intersection within the cursor trap. If an intersection is found, the point will be fixed at that exact location.
You can enable several different global object snaps and they will all work simultaneously. In this case, the calculation of the point is performed “on the fly”; a phantom corresponding to this point and text with the name of the currently active binding are displayed on the screen.
To set global bindings:
¾ click on the toolbar Current state by button Setting global bindings. A dialog box will appear Setting global bindings, shown in Fig.59. You can include multiple global snaps to feature points of objects. They will all work simultaneously. In this case, the calculation of the point is performed “on the fly”; a phantom corresponding to this point and text with the name of the currently active binding are displayed on the screen.
Figure 39
Basic Dialog Box Components Installing globs al bindings (Fig. 39) At the top of the dialog box is a list of global bindings. By clicking on the name of the binding, you can turn on or off one or another binding or even several. In this case, each of the bindings has its own priority. Priority is determined by proximity to the beginning of the list. The highest priority binding is The closest point then Middle and so on.
The dialog box has a number of switches:
¾ All bindings turns all bindings on or off. If not all bindings are enabled, the option appears with a gray background. Clicking the option in this state will turn it off. The next one will turn on;
¾ Dynamically track enables or disables on-the-fly calculation of bindings. Otherwise, the calculation will be performed only when the point is fixed;
¾ Show text turns on or off the display of the name of the triggered binding next to the cursor. For an angle snap, the angle value will be shown;
¾ Taking into account background layers turns on or off snaps taking into account objects lying in background layers;
¾ Only on visible grid points turns on or off snaps that were made only to visible grid points. The option is available when binding is enabled On the grid.
Text field Corner reference step is intended for entering the value of the angular reference actuation step. For example, if the angular snap step value is set to 15°, then as a result of the angular snap action the cursor will move along straight lines passing through the last fixed point at fixed angles of 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75°, 90°, 105°, etc.
When you are finished configuring global bindings, click OK. To exit the dialog without saving changes, click the button Cancel.
You can also disable all global bindings, and then enable them again as before, using the button Deny/enable global bindings on the Current toolbar state.
This button also serves as an indicator of the action of global bindings: a pressed button means that global bindings are disabled, a pressed button means that global bindings are enabled.
To enable/disable global bindings, use the option Disable bindings in the dialog box Glo installation ballroom bindings.
7.2 Local bindings
Local bindings have two important features:
¾ they have higher priority than global ones. When a local binding is called, it suppresses established global bindings for the duration of its action (until a period is entered or the input is refused);
¾ they are executed only for one (current request) point. After entering the current point, the activated local snap is disabled and the system proceeds to perform global snaps;
To display the local bindings menu:
¾ click on any button on Compact panel when the switch button is on Geometry, for example, by button Circumference;
¾ right-click in the graphic object creation and editing area. A context menu will appear;
¾ click on the item Binding in the context menu. A pop-up menu will appear as shown in Figure 40.
Figure 40 - Context menu and pop-up menu for local binding
To trigger the snap, position the cursor so that the point of intersection, tangency, middle of the object, etc., that you want to grab, is inside the cursor trap. After this, fix the cursor by pressing the left mouse button or the Enter key.
Let's take a brief look at the different binding methods:
Nearest point provides a snap to the nearest characteristic point of the object (for example, to the starting point of a segment), to the corner points of the title block table or to the starting point of the current coordinate system;
Middle snaps to the middle of the object or to the middle of the side of the inner frame of the drawing sheet;
Intersection provides a snap to the nearest intersection of objects;
Touch performs snapping in such a way that the created object (segment, arc, etc.) touches the specified object at the point closest to the current cursor position;
Normal performs the snap so that the created object (for example, a segment) is located perpendicular to the specified object;
By grid snaps to the nearest auxiliary grid point. In this case, the image of the grid itself on the screen can be turned off;
Center snaps to the center point of a circle, arc or ellipse;
Alignment the entered point of the object will be aligned with other characteristic points, as well as with the last fixed point;
Angle snap This is a way to snap the cursor relative to the last fixed point at angles that are multiples of the value specified when setting up snaps. For example, when setting up snaps, the angular snap step value is set to 15°. Then, as a result of the action of the angular snap, the cursor will move along straight lines passing through the last fixed point, at angles of 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 90°, 105°, etc.;
Point on a curve snaps to the nearest point on the specified curve.
Below are their characteristic points for the main geometric objects:
Geometric object Characteristic points of the object
Point The point itself
Section Start of section / end of section
Arc Start of arc, end of arc and center
Circle 4 quadrant points and center
Rectangle 4 points in the corners of the rectangle
Regular polygon Points of intersection of sides and center
Ellipse Shaft end points and center
Spline Spline inflection points
Polyline Inflection points of the polyline
Chamfer Similar to a segment
Fillet Same as arc
Line of text Arc start and end points
Hatching Points at the corners of the hatch outline
Table Starting and ending points of all segments